Content aligned with clinical data from the International Osteoporosis Foundation, WHO bone density criteria, and peer-reviewed Indian population studies (PubMed, ScienceDirect). For personalised diagnosis or treatment, consult a qualified endocrinologist or orthopaedic specialist. Osteopenia is lower-than-normal bone mineral density - not yet osteoporosis, but a clear warning sign. In India, nearly one in two screened adults has osteopenia, and women are disproportionately a